Regulating system for hydraulic turbines



Dec. 15, 1931. MOODY 1,836,861

REGULATING SYSTEM FOR HYDRAULIC TURBINEIS Filed Jan. 7, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 L F. MOODY REGULATING SYSTEM FOR HYDRAULIC TURBINBS Dec. 15, 1931.

Filed Jan. 7. 1922 4 SheetwSheet 2 Dec. 15, 1931. F. MOODY REGULATING SYSTEM FOR HYDRAULIC TURBINES F iled Jan. 7,

1922 4 Sheets-Sheet J flllll/Iflllfl QENTOR f Zia/vex! Patented Dec. 15, 1931 UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE This invention relates to hydraulic power systems and particularly to a re lating system for a power station inwhich there are a number of turbine units driving electric generators or similar apparatus, especially a power station in which a number of the turbines drive alternutors running in parallel. The object of the invention is to provide a regulating system in which alurnlity. 01

separate turbines will have a unified control governing the speed and power of the various units in coordination with each other.

- In rior practice where thereare a numher 0 turbines it has been usual to provide each unit with a separate governor adapted to adjust the turbine gates independently ac-- cording to thespeed fluctuations of 'its individual unit. Thus the regulation of each unit is separate and independent of the others. In such a system the large number of complete governors required are expensive in first cost and upkeep and complicated in mechanism, and require delicate relative, adjusts ments between the various governors to maintain proper distributionof the loads among the various units. The fluid pressure piping and pumping systems to sup y a Iarge num, ber of governors are comp hated and expensive. Whenever one governor is disabled its corresponding unit 18 either out of op eration or left to hand-control.

Iri the regulating system of this invention, this multiplication of separate overnors is avoided and a means is provid whereby a limited number of governors are adapted to exerlpise a combined cozitwvegh all the pnits; att esametimesim i g ereguatin mechanism and reducing the-cost of mstallii. tion and maintenance.

Further objects of the invention, particularlv in the adaptation of the system to'units having dill'erent regulating characteristics so as to effect still further economies in structure and operation will appear from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a turbine system embodying theinvention,

Fig. 1a is a modification Fig. 1,

of a detail of.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing a mo ification,

Figs. 3 and 4 are d ammatic plan and elevatlonal views respective! of another embodiment of the system oi shown on somewhat enlar scale,

Fig. 5 is an enlarged etail view of per- (10315 of the apparatus shown in Figs 3 and 4, an

this invention as F'gs. 6, 7 and 8 are diagrammatic sectional views of details of the apparatus used in the system of Figs. 8 and 4.

The specific embodiment of the invention 'asdiagrammed in Fig. lcomprises a series. of turbine units T drives an alternating current and has wicket gates G contro g the flow to the turbine runner R. The units are shown substantiallysimilar and the alternators E are nerator E T,, T etc.,' each of which in parallel and in synchronism with each other and share the load on the line. -One of the turbine units T, has an automatic speed governor 15 driven from the turbine and actmg to control the gates G to v the power supply according to the load. e governor mec anism of unit T,, as here shown is. arrangad in a novel manner to secure e unified ontrol of a number of units, as willbe explained. The governor head 15, which may be of the usual centrifugal flyball type or equivalent device performing the same. functions, as for example an electrical device, moves the central pin of the floating lever 16 vertically in proportion to the speed of the unit. .Durin quicli load chan the left-hen endof the floating lever 16 is held nearly stationary by the vertical rod 17 and the dashpot 18. The right-hand end'of the floatin evermoves the rod 19, which carriesa i ot valve in the cy mder 20. ithin the cylinder 20 is a piston actuating the vertical rod 21. The c inder and piston 20 form a relay device; t e pilot valve works within the platen and operates on ports formed in the f) that any motion of the pilot va ve isrin' stantly copied by the piston through theadmission and exhaust of fluid pressure to the ends of the cylinder 20. By this means the on the unit,

iaton, so

not shown) acting withrod 21, Ql'totakeanow tugs grates not units under 2 nesaeex hymns-z Mthefluidpremnreandthisrod is used operate the valves which move of unit T hnt also of the a control of this governor. This is accomplished as follows:

The rod 21 imparts its motion to the hori- 1y corresponding manner thro the rod 21, lever 96 and the valve diam 'Rod 80 canbe snagged in a duct or tunnel. In large units, emfl! (28') canbe V to operate valve 84 (84') throngl:l a re ay. Intel-posed in the mechauismvr ch transmits the motion of rod 21 and interconnecting rod 80 to the main control valve oi each nnit-is a com nsating or restoring m com: to the turbine gates through the gate operating mechanism This restoring mechanism es its motion from the operatin piston rod 26 ofth'e turbine through the crank 24 and moves the left-hand end. of the floating lever 26, 26 an intermediate point of which is actnated b the rod 91, 1' and the right-hand end 6 which moves the valve stem 28, 28. Whenever a change of occurs in the unit, the motion 0 the governor head causes m 'tion col-tr: riding to s new moves, a 2: ever 26, 96' e nt its left hand end as a crum and causes valve 28., 28' to admit fluid pressure to the turbine operating cyliuder 27, 27' and moves the turbine gates. The motion of the gates in turn is transmittedthmu hthe reetoringto the left-hm end of the floating lever 32] 96" and restores the valve 23, 23' to its not or midall the unite to 21, and when the motion of ey have reached a ition corresponding to that of rod 21, t ey remain in that ition until there is any further change in the speed of the unit.

Hie governing action so far described is, however, not complete. that -t he :geed of the first unit has ceased changing,

eunitisopera' inan "'briumbetween its power an load and the gates are for the moment stationary. This condition of equilibrium will however in general be obtained when the speed has considerahl chmcged fiomthenormal opera' vvhi it is desired to maintain in all 1: units in the In order to restore the speed of the units to normal, a secondary compeneating is provided in the governor proper. This secondary compensation .This motion will continue until position. Thus the turbine :35

readjuststherod lhygivingitanaddit1 movement in the same direction as its initial movement and there the value. This secondary dranlic plants take ce at a suflicien 1 slow rate to avoid in using! disturbances inspeedorhuntingwliichwo dreeul iiit were endeavored to accelerate or reta the water column in the water pbmages Tl toot1 uiclrl f lilo of opera on o is seoon compensation is secured by means of 18 and the seconds floating lever 28 o the govern The mag 29 controls the motion of this seoon floating lever and exerts a force tending to restore the intermediate point of ttlillfl lefvm: fixed positing. bulgeAfter any moon 0 us to a ui c .in floating lever 28 will 21; first fulcrummu t its left-hand end and the ring 29 will be either compressed or ed. The action of this spring will slowly move the rod 17 under the control of the dash-pot 18. This slow motion of rod 17 will be transferred I through the floating lever 16 which now fulcruhis about its intermediate point or! connection to the governor head, and will readjust rods 19 and 21, 'ving the ates of all of the inter-connecte 'units a simultaneous .0

additional motion in the same espeed to normal value.

has reached its normal tion and has been fully resto It will be motions have been separated into two mechanisms-one; the primary restoring mechanism, to operate separatelg on the mam control valve of each unit, an the second compensating ing a as part of the governor proper soastoactincommononalloltheunits simultaneously. This arrangement of governor mechanism will have advantages even when applied to an individual unit without the interoonncctingsvstem, since it enables short primary restoring connections to be used between the main control valve, which may be located close to the turbine operating cylinders, and the gatemechanism of 11 the turbine. -In some cases, it will be desirable for the hell crank 24 to be directly ccnnected to the operating ring of the gatemechanism instead of to the operating piston The secondary compensation can according to this arrangement be made a standard an into a1 part of the governor pro r and ming e self-contained within it, an no restoring connection is nry between the governor roper and the turbine.

When above arrangement is applied as described to a number of units, thermtrnl of the gates of e various uniln is simultaneous, and therein no tendency of the ogates of any one unit to move in advance the -motion'mustin noted that the compensating I l mechanism beit 6; the electri others. 'l'ihe alternating current generators connect them first by rods 41 to a diflerential .E are in step with each other and during "normal 'opei ationthe various units will be automaticallymaintained at equal speeds by l foi e tending to hold them in synchronising niuriber of alternators thus running in step have the same speed and a separate centri'fii"gal 'fl-yfball device responsiv to. the speed-pf each individual unit may 10 be dispensed with,.ari'das long as the t plant remains in proper operation the centri gal governorliesponsive to the speed of any one unit is suflicient to regnlate the plant.

In order to enable the load to be accurately distributed among the units, the hand-wheel 31, is provided,"whichrnay be mounted on'the hand-operating stand of each unit, or at other convenient point. This hand-wheel adu t th 'pointnfconnection between the leftand endof floating lever 26 and the primanly "restorin 'mechanism. This hand-wheel a jiifs'tmen t enables the gate opening of any unit "toaltered while still leaving the unit underthe control of the regulatin system described above. In addition to t is hand-adju'st'rnent, each unit will when desired be equipped with the usual hand-operating 32'containing a hand controlled valve for the fluid pressure to operating cylinder 27;- 2? which the unit may be placed under hand-control independently of the regulating system described above Whenever it is desired to remove the control of the unit from the regulatin system.

t will be understood that Fig. l is only d1- agraiiiniatic and does not show either the coinpletldetafls of the mechanism or the exact proportions which would be used in a g;ven"install a tion: For example, bell cranks 2 and not in generalhave equal arms, asshowjif, andthe point of sub-'division of floatingtl ever 26 would be subject to change; tvenbed esired in some cases to interchange. the points of connection of rods 21 tr g It s me also be mentioned that the po nt of connection of spring 29 to fioatin ever 28 will usually be ma de adjustable, and the fixed end 'of sprling 29 will also be adjustable' to adjustthe speed of the units.

30 In many installations it will be desirable to install more than one governor, so that a governor 15 may be taken out of operation for inspection or repair while the system is under the control of another governor 15' (Fig. 1a). This may be done by arranging the upper portion of rod 21 of each governor so that it may be disconnected from the bell crank 22, as shown, leaving the governor so disconnected out of operation, and the gates under the control of the interconnecting rod 30 connected to another governor. The con trol can thus be taken by any one governor by connecting up rod 21. As indicated in Fig. la it may be desirable instead of connecting both of the governors to the control rod to equalizer t2 that the co'ntrplrod 30' will be actuated and controlled average gateposition of a plurality of governed units T T.. y lhe aboi're' system of regulation is well tidaQted for use inla station having a relative y sn1all number of units, each of which is.

forth efi'ects a substantially simultaneous,

movement of the gates of all'the units so that all the flows are varied together and to approximately the same extent. It will, how ever,'prove advantageous in many installations to adapt certain of the units for relatively slow re ulation and to depend upon the remaining ow to follow the load variations quickly. This in some cases may be used to further simplify design and the water passages of the slowly regulatedunits may be made smaller; and smaller pipin for the operating pressure maybe used or all of these unltst The penstocks and water passages may be reduced in size as higher velocities of How are permissible where the rate of change of flow is reduced, and this further permits of a closer spacing of these units and a saving in the overall size of the power house.

Such a system is particularly applicable to many modern installations where the fluctuations of load which must be carried by the station are small in comparison the total putput of the station. A large proportion of modern installations are interconnected with extensive systems and the load in, shell {systemsis usually extremely steady. The load yariations which must be taken care of by the governors during normal operation are in many cases well With n i of a single unit. In the station forming a part of a large modern system therefomit qfjen happens that the amounto f loadwariat oii' to be cared for by the station is not great enough to require the equipment of every unit with a separate governor. In such case it will be advantageous to provide a station with a limited number of units having the usual wicket gates and equipped with governors. The number of these units is to be determined by the fluctuations in load which are expected to be imposed on the plant during operation and this will depend upon the character of the system which the plant is supplying and the nature of the load; the remaining units in the station may thgn be built of a different type less adapted to quick regulation but offering the best solution when freed from the restricor slowly-actin g control.

In the system illustrated in Fig. 2, the turbineunit T' is of the wicket gate type and the remaining turbine units 6 are of a more slowly regulating type, having plunger gates 7, moved axially )y fluid pressure to control the flow. The regulating mechanism of the turbine T is connected by rod 50 to the regulating means of the remaining units at so that the whole system is controlled from the governor 45 of the turbine T". This interconnecting and regulating mechanism is shown on larger scale in Figs. 3 to 6 in connection, however, with turbine units of the wicket gate type instead of the plunger gatetype outlined for. the units t in Fig. 2. The principle of operation is the same in either The-governor 45 of turbine T has a rod 46 acting through intermediate relay mechanism to control the fluid pressure in operating cylinder 55 of the turbine gates G. Restoring connections are provided between the gate operating mechanism and the governor and these comprise a bell crank 52, linked to the piston rod of the cylinder 55 at one end and to the bell crank 53 at the other end. The vertical arm of bell crank 53 in turn is linked to the interconnecting rod 50 so t-hat'the latter partakes of the inqvement of the gates G.

The method of control of the Fig. 2 arrangement will in general be particularly suitable for low head plants, and especially those having a large number of units. In certain installations,especially those comprising a. small number of units of large capacity, another arrangement of the units may benidva ntageously ado ted, employing the method of regulation oi this invention. The arrangement referred to comprises the use of two different types of gates in an in dividual turbine; one type of gate being employed for quick regulation to care tor the usual load variations to which the plant is subjected, and the other type of gate being used for a slow adjustment under the secondary method of control described herein. For example, one or all of the units could be equipped with both wicket gate and plunger gate control, the wicket gatesbeing operated by the governor and the plunger gates by the secondary system of control. By this or rangement, it will in general be unnecessary for the wicket gates to be capable of closing completely, or of controlling the load throughout the entire power range of the unit; a small number of wicket gates could be used, widely spaced around the intake of the runner, thus reducing both the hydraulic friction of the gate surfaces and the hydraulic load which theoperating mechanism must handle. For complete closure, or for handling large load chan es, the plunger gate would be operated by t e secondary control; for quick fluctuations, the icket gates would operate under governor control. After any quick change in the position of the wicket gates corresponding to a change in load, the plunger wouldunder the influence of the secondary control system slowly follow up the motion of the wicket gates until both the wicket gates and plunger gate have automatically adjusted themselves to corresponding degrees of opening. This system of control is equivalent to that shown in Fig. 2 as applied to a number of separate units; but in the arrangement just described the difierent types of gates instead of being in ditlerentunits are applied to the same unit.

'In the system shown in Figs. 3and 4 as in Fig. 2 unit T to the left is a primary controlled unit and the unit T to the right is one of the secondary controlledunits regulated by connection of its operating means to the gate mechanism of the primary unit. These secondary units T are each provided with a special operating stand it and connecting mechanism capable of moving the corre sponding gates at a slow rate compared to the gate motionof the first unit. This mechanism and'control stand arev shown on a larger scale in Fig. 5 which indicates the secondary control. In this figure will be seen the horizontal interconnecting rod 50 which continues-to the right for the operation of the remaining secondary units in, the station. This rod 50 is connected by a bell crank 56 w' h a vertical rod 57 running upward into 'the base of the control stand It. This rod 57 is connected to a horizontal floating lever 58 shown by dotted lines. The left hand end of this floating lever 58 is connected to a similar vertical rod 59 which runs downward to the large bell crank 60 linked to the operating piston 61 of the unit. The center of the float-,

ing lever is connected to and actuates the stem 62 of a fluid pressui e valve 63 contained in the upper portion of the control stand h (Fig. 6),

The structure of this valve and mechanism of stand it is shown. in enlarged sectional view in Fig. 6. The valve 63 is of the balanced piston type which when moved upward connects the pressure port 64 to one end of the cylinder 55 through port connec tion 65 to close the turbine gates, the other end of the cylinder 55 being simultaneously connected toexhaust through ports 66 and 67. Downward movement of the valve 63 reverses the pressure and exhaust connections to midposition.

to reverse the movement of the gates toward open position. The valve. stem 62 passes through the valve and is screw threaded therein at 68 and swiveled in the lever 58 at 69 and provided with a hand wheel 70 so that the valve 63 may be moved either by vertical movement of the stem 62 or by rotational movement of the stem 62 when turned by the hand wheel 70.

Assuming the gates of the turbines to be at rest at any given moment, a change in the station load will cause the governor 45 of the primary unit to operate to move the gates G of the primary unit T and these in turn will move the horizontal interconnectin rod 50. The efl'ect of this will be to raise or ower the right hand end of each floating lever 58, the left hand end of this lever being held stationary b its restoring rod connectionto the gates o the corresponding unit. The middle of the lever 58 will move the valve stem 62 with a motion corresponding to that of the interconnecting rod 50. This motion will open the hydraulic piston valve 63 admitting pressure to one end or 'the other of operating cylinder or to one side of the plunger of a plunger gate turbine. The admission of this pressure will then cause a shifting of the gates g of the secondary units, which in turn will be communicated to the left hand end of the floating lever 58 and when the gates g have moved an amount corresponding to the motion of the interconnecting rod 50 the valve 63 will be restored This ate motion of the secondary units T will talie place at a definitely restricted rate sufficiently slow so as not to interfere with the regulation of the primary unit T. This restriction may be caused by a limited port area of the valve and a limited size of piping leading to the operating cylinder or operating plunger in case plunger gate turbines t are used.

The action just described will cause the gates g of the secondary units to follow u the gate motion of the primary unit T and take up a corresponding position, so that after the secondary controlling motion is completed all the units will be at substantially the same or a corresponding gate opening, provided, of course, that no further chan e of load has in the meantime occurred. Vhile this automatic control of governor 45 is thus applied to all of the units T and T the hand control motion of hand wheel is always in gear, so that at any time an operator at a unit T may superpose the hand control motion on all other controlled motions which are in progress. It is thus possible to shut down the unit by hand at any time, as in case of emergency, without first d sconnecting any other mechanism and it is also possible to adjust the valves 63 of various units with relation to each other so as to proportion the load in any desired manner.

The efi'ect of the interconnecting'mechanism is always to .cause the gates of all the secondary units to follow up, and approach the position corresponding to that ta en by the gate of the primary governed unit due to the load change. After the first shift of the primary gates to take up practically the entire load change at a relatively rapid rate the efi'ect will be for the primary unit gradually to unload a part of the load change upon the other units, until only its own proper share remains with the primary unit, that is, the secondary units will gradually take up a part of the load change and relieve the primary unit until all the gates approachthe same osition leaving the lant with a load then ivided equally as esired among all the units. All quick fluctuations are taken by the rimary unit and then the load is slowly istributed over the entire station. If the load change is an increase in load the first unit will take the increase, its gate quickly o ening so as to maintain as nearly as POSSI. lo a constant speed in this unit and the alternating current generators of each secondar unit automatically remaining in step with t e primary unit. The gates 0 the sec ondary units will then begin slowly to open and the ate of the primary unit will slowly close until all the gates have reached an equilibrium as set by their respective governing valves.

As a further means of controlling each unit T an electric motor 72 ma be provided (Fig. 6) contained within the ase of the control stand h and connected through a worm 73 and worm wheel 74 and long faced pinion 75 to a gear 7 6 mounted on the vertical restoring rod 59 at the left end of the floating lever 58. This gear 76 rotates a nut on aging a rew on the restoring rod so that y operating the motor the floating lever 58 may be raised or lowered and the valve 63 correspondingly moved. This motor 72 furnishes a remote control means by which the turbine may be operated from the switchboard or other convenient location. This remote control mechanism therefore, like the handcontrol mechanism, is always in gear and it is not possible for an operator to leave it disconnected. The motor 72 may be arranged to operate directly on the va e spindle or stem 62 instead of upon the restoring rod 59, the effect being the same in either case.

Although with'very few exceptions hydroelectric units are built so as to be safe at runaway speed when operating at normal or full gate without load, nevertheless it is desirable, particularly in large units, sometimes to provide a safety device to prevent runaways. In the secondary units 25, T of this system, it will often be desirable to provide a speed limiting device to take care of emergency conditions such as would exist if a generator should by any means be thrown out of synchronism with the rest of the s stem. One means of providing such speed imitation is shown in Fi 7 and comprises a simple form of governorhead 78 contained in a casing 79 which can he bolted at any convenient point such as on the wall of the turbine pit below the generator. The pulley 80 shown at the bottom of the governor casing is belted to the main shaft of the turbine by a short connection 81. In some installations this small centrifugal governor could be conveniently mounted on a bracket connected to the turbine guide bearing close to the turbine shaft. The upper portion 82 of the casin 79 contains a hydraulic valve having a Sma 1 amount of lap to prevent leaka e when in its closed position. Upon a pre etermined rise in speed the centrifugal governor head 78 will engage the rod 83 to openthe valve of casing 82 and admit pressure from pi 84 to pipe 85 connected to the cylinder 86 m the lower portion of the main control stand h of the turbine. Pressure in this 0 linder 86 will lift the piston 87, rod 88 0? which is the spindle 62 of the control valve 63 and this valve will be pushed up to the limit of its travel so as to close the turbine gates and shut down the unit. To accommodate this h draulic operation of the control valve the oating lever 58 is arranged at the top of the stand with the restoring rod 59 extending u to its left end and the controlling rod 57 divided into relatively shiftable portions by a resilient connection 89. The hand wheel 90 is provided for hand control of the valve 63 and the gear 91 keyed to the upper end of the valve 63 is adapted to be driven by an electric motor for remote electric control of the valve 63 as turning of this gear and valve will shift the operation and when the speed-limiting device of Fig. 7 is not in action, c linder 86 and piston 87 act as a dash-pot or the purpose of controlling the rapidity of the gate motion of the units under secondary control. This method of controlling the rate of gate motion of these units by dash-pot can be used, when desired, in place of the method of limitin the speed previously mentioned, namely, by tile use of restricted valve ports and pi ing. The dash-pot has the advantage of ma ing the time adjustable by means of the adjustable bypass valve through the piston 87, as shown in Fig. 8.

In installations made in accordance with the system of this invention it will generally be desirable to place the primarily governed units near the middle of the station with the secondary control units on each side thus minimizing the length of interconnecting mechanism. In some plants where there is difliculty in arranging for the mechanical interconnecting mechanism a fluid transmission could be substituted in whole or in part. Such fluid transmission would comprise a diaphragm or a piston and oil pi ing to a second diaphragm forming a close system to transmit the motion of the gates and restorin mechanism between the primary and secon ary units as shown at84, 85, 86 and 87 in Figs. 7 and 8, a means being provided for making up any loss of oil.

In power stations as heretofore arran ed with separate governor on each unit, it as been necessary in order to provide a means for automatically distributing the load among the various units in the station to adjust the secondary compensation in such a we that the speed of a unit is automatically ad3usted to a difierent value for each degree of gate opening. Although in many governors so arranged, the adjustment may be so made that the drop in s eed from noload to full-load is a very smal percentage of the normal speed, it is not possible to permit this restoration to bring the speed to a constant value for all gate openings without sacrificing the automatic distribution of load among the units. In other words, in the usual system the governors cannot be made to give isochronous adjustment after they have coinpleted the action upon any change of load. In the system of this invention, however, the interconnecting mechanism performs the function of distributing the load among the units, and it becomes possible to adjust the secondary compensation so that after the governin action is completed, the speed is returns to a constant value or very close to such value thus this system provides a method of substantially isochronous governmg.

While difi'erent forms of the invention have been shown it will ofcourse be understood that other forms and changes in details and arrangement of arts may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim I 1. The combination with a hydraulic turbine unit having control gate means and driving an alternating current synchronous generator, of regulatin means therefor comprising a control va ve, means for moving said valve including restorin mechanism between the gates and said va ve and a remote control mechanism and a hand operated mechanism, all of said mechanisms being adapted for simultaneous operation without disconnecting any one of them, at least one additional hydraulic turbine unit'driving a synchronous generator in parallel with said other unit, and a governor responsive to, the speed of said additional unit or units for controlling the same.

2. The combination with a hydraulic turbine unit having control gate means and driving an alternating current synchronous generator, of regulating means therefor comprising a control valve, means for moving said valve including restoring mechanism between the gates and said valve and a remote control mechanism and a hand operated mechanism," all of said mechanism being adapted for Simultaneous operation without disconnecting any one of them, at least one additional hydraulic turbine unit driving a synchronous generator in parallel with said other unit, a governor responsive to the speed of said additional unit or units for controlling the same, andmeans whereby said remote control mechanism is adapted to distribute the load among all of the units in any desired proportions.

3. In a power generating system, the combination comprising a plurality of prime mover operated alternating current synchronous generating units, each adapted tocarry a part of the total load on said system, a unitary governor control adapted to control the frequency of said system by acting on less than all of said units, means whereb the system load is proportionately distributed over a plurality of the system units automatically upon variations in the system load, and remote; control mechanism on at least one of the governorless units adapted to vary the proportioning of load between said units.

4. 'In a hydraulic power system the combination with a synchronous generator turbine unit of a regulating means therefor com prisin a governor responsive to the speed of sai unit, a valve controlled by said governor, and means for independently ad usting said valve without disconnecting said governor control comprising power means for moving said valve, means for controlling said power means from a remote point, at least one other unit driving a synchronous generator connected in parallel with the first unit, and remote control means for distributin in predetermined proportions the system oad among all of said units.

5. Governing ap aratus for a hydraulic turbine having a uid control element for the flow to sald turbine and fluid pressure operating means therefor comprising a main control valve and a pilot valve therefor, a governor proper, a restoring mechanism acting directly on the main valve, and a secondary compensating mechanism controlling the motion of the pilot valve.

6. In a power system, the combination comprising a plurality of hydraulic turbine units each having gate mechanism and a fluid-pressure operated motor for moving the same and each motor being provided with a control valve, an automatic speed governor for one of said units, and means for effecting relatively quick turbine gate control when the svstem load changes and then subsequent- 1y efiecting further turbine gate control to redistribute the system load in a predetermined ratio between a plurality of the units, said means including interconnecting means between said governor and each of said control valves whereby the speeds and loads of a plurality of said units are controlled.

1. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a plurality of hydraulic turbine units, each having gate mechanism and a hydraulically operated motor for moving the same, and each motor having a control valve, of an automatic speed governing means for certain of said units, connecting means between said governing means and each of said control valves whereby said governing means controls the speeds of a plurality of said units, and means whereby each unit is adapted to have a relatively quick primary restoring action and a relatively slow secondary restoring action.

8. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a plurality of hydraulic turbine units each having gate mechanism and a hydraulically operated motor for moving the same. a control valve associated with each motor, and a primary restoring mechanism between each motor and its control valve,ea.ch of said primary compensating mechanisms being adapted to efi'ect its compensating action independently of the others, and means for effecting a secondary restoring action simultaneously on each unit, of an automatic speed governor for one'of said units comprising a valve actuating member, and connecting means between the valve actuating member of said overnor and the control valves of said units whereby said governor controls the speeds of a plurality of said units.

9. In a hydraulic poiver system the combination with a plurality of hydraulic turbine units, of an automatic speed governor, fluid pressure operated gates for each of said units, valves for controlling the fluid pressure for operating said gates, a restoring mechanism associated with each of said gate operating mechanisms whereby each gate mechanism may have a certain amount of independent movement. means for effecting a secondary compensating action on each turbine unit, and means connecting said governor to said valves whereby said governor controls the speed of all of said units.

10. In a hydro-electric alternating current power system, the combination comprising a plurality of synchronous generators operating in parallel and driven by hydraulic turbines having difl'erent operating characteristics, each of said turbines having a gate mechanism, a control valve and restoring mechanism, and governing means operative to cfl'ect actuation of each of said control valves and permit relative movement therebetween thereby effecting gate control to regulate the turbine speed and accordingly the system frequency, said governing means including interconnecting means between the units for controlling the gate mechanism automatically in accordance with. said operating characteristics so as to redistribute the system load between the units in a predetermined ratio when the system load changes.

11. In a hydro-electric alternating current power 5 stem, the combination comprising a plura ity of hydraulic turbine operated synchronous generators, fluid pressure operated gates for said. units having restoring mechanism associated with each gate, valves for controlling the fluid pressure operation of said gates, speed res onsive governing means for controlling sai valves, and interconnectin means between all of said units for effecting gate adjustment automatically in accordance with a predetermined ratio of redistribution of the system load among the units after a change in the system load while all units operate at a common speed.

12. In'a "power system, the combination comprising a plurality of prime mover operated synchronous generators connected to a common alternating current circuit, each prime mover having valve mechanism for controlling the prime mover motive fluid, governing means for eflectin relatively quick control of the frequency y effecting relatively quick valve movement, and interabl connecting means, independent of said alternating current circuit, between all of said units for redistributing in a predetermined ratio the system load among the units by efi'ectin relatively slow valve movement after saldquick movement.

a 13. In a hydraulic power s stem the combination with a plurality 0 turbine units each havlng gates, operatm means therefor, and restoring mechanism, 0 automatic speed governors for at least two of said units, and interconnecting mechanism for interchangeo erating a unit either under the contro 0 its own governor or in common with another unit under the simultaneous control of the governor of said other unit, the restoring mechanisms for each unit being adapted to permit a certain amount of restoring action on each unit independently of one another or upon the governor control which is 1n operation. I

14. In a h draulic power system the combination wit a plurality of turbine units each having gates, operatln means therefor, and restoring mechanism, 0 automatic speed governors for at least two of said units,'and interconnecting mechanism for interchangeably operating a unit either under the control of its own governor or in common with another unit under the simultaneous control of the governor of said other unit or under the sole control of said other governor, the restoring mechanisms for each unit being adapted to permit a certain amount of restoring action on each unit independently of one another or upon the governor control which is in operation.

15. In a power system the combination with a plurality of hydraulic turbine units each having a gate mechanism and an o rating motor provided with a control va ve,

of an automatic speed vernor responsive to the speed of one of said units, connecting means between said governor and said control valves whereby said governor controls the speeds of a plurality of said units, restoring mechanism associated with each of said control valves whereby restoring action of one valve may be had independently of the others and a hand control for efiecting operation of certain of said control valves independently of the governor.

16. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a plurality of hydraulic turbine units each having a gate mechanism and an operating motor provided with a control valve, of automatic speed governing means for certain of said units, connecting means between said overning means an said control valves w ereby said governing means controls the speeds of a plurality c said units, restoring mechanism associated with each of said control valves whereb restoring action of one valve may be had mdendentl of the others and a hand control or eifectmg operation of certain of said control valves independently of the governor.

17. In a power with a plurality of ydraulic turbine units each having a gate mechanism and an operating motor provided with a control valve, of an automatic speed governor responsive to the speed of one of said units, connecting means between said governor and said control valvesrwhereby said governor controls the speeds oia plurality of said units, restoring mechanism associated with each of said control valves whereby restoring action of one valve may be had independently of the others, and means for further controlling certain of said control valves including an independent hand control adapted for simultaneous operation with said governor control.

18. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a plurality of hydraulic turbine units each having a gate mechanism and an operating motor provided with a control valve, of automatic speed governing means for certain of said units,connecti ng means between said governing means and said control valves whereby said governing meanscontrols the speeds of a plurality of said units, restoring mechanism associated with each of said control valves whereby restoring action of one valve may be had independently of the others, and means for further controlling certain of said control valves including an inde pendent hand control adapted for simultaneous operation with said governor contrgl.

19. In a governing system for a hydraulic turbine the combination with ,gato mechanism and a fluid pressure motor for moving system the combination llll fascism the same, of a distributing control valve for the motor actuating fluid, means for automatically governing said control valve including a governor controlled pilot valve, and means'for independentl regulating said distributing control valve y hand during operation by said automatic governing means.

20. In a governing system for a hydraulic turbine, the combination with a gate mechanism and a fluid operated motor therefor, of a distributing control valve forthe motor actuating flu1d,'and means including an au tomatic governor for moving said valve and a pilot valve controlled by said automatic governor, and hand controlled means for superposing upon the motion received from the governor asecond regulating or adjusting motion.

21. In a hydraulic power system, the combination-with a turbine unit, of a distributing control valve therefor, means including a governor and a governor controlled pilot va ve for moving said distributing valve", hand controlled means for moving said distributing valve, and means for moving said distributin valve by remote control, the motion of sai valve being the aggregate of all the said motions.

22. In a hydro-electric power system, the combination comprising a plurality of hydraulic turbine operated synchronous generators connected to a common alternating cur rent circuit and each turbine having a gate mechanism, governin means for effecting quick control of the requency by relatively quickly moving the gates on at least one of said units, and interconnecting means be tween all of said units, for effecting relatively slow gate adjustment after said quick movement automatically in accordance with a predetermined ratio of redistribution of the system load among the units.

23. In a power system, the combination comprising a plurality of hydraulic turbine units each having gate mechanism and a fluid pressure operating motor provided with a control valve, an automatic speed governor for one of said units, and connecting means, including restoring mechanism, between said governor and each of said control valves adapted to permit relative movement between the control valves of said units while said governor controls the speed of a plurality of said units.

24. In a hydro-electric power system, the combination comprising a plurality of by draulic turbine operated synchronous generators connected to a common alterating current circuit, certain of said units having movable guide vanes and other of said units hm ing only fixed gujde vanes, a governor for effecting relatively quick movement of said movable guide vanes during any changes in the system load, relatively slowly movable flow controlling means in the units having the fixed guide vanes, and means operatively associated with said governor for controlling said slowly movable flow controlling means.

25. In a hydraulic power system the combination with asynchronous generator tur' units upon variation in response to system loadchanges.

26. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a plurality of hydraulic turbine units each having gate mechanism and a fluid operated motor therefor provided with a control valve, of a unitary governing mechanism for said control valves of all of said units, and means for relatively varying the rate of regulation of some of said units.

27. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a unitary control system, of turbine units equipped with two difierent types of control gates having different rates of operation so that a given load change will be taken up relatively quickly by the gates of one type and relatively slowly by those of the other type.

28. In a hydraulic power stem the com.- bination with a plurality o turbine units adapted for approximately similar rates of regulation, of one or more turbine units adapted for'a different rate of regulation, and governing means in common between all of said units.

29. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a unitary control system of a difl erent plurality of turbine units having rates of regulation so that a given load change will be taken up relatively quickly by certain of said units and relatively slowly by others.

30. In a h draulic power system the combination with a unitary control system, of a plurality of turbine units of diflerent having different rates of regulation so at a given load change will be taken'u rela tively quickly by certain of said units and relatively slowly by others.

31. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a hydraulic turbine structure of the reaction type, of regulating means relatively quickly lesponsive to changes of load, regulating nieans relatively slowly responsive to changes of load, and interconnecting mechanism between said regulating means to control one by the other.

32. In a hydraulic power system the COLD- sponsive to load changes bination with a plurality of turbine units of the reaction type, of regulating means relatively quickly responsive to changes of load, regulating means relatively slowly responsive to changes of load, and interconnecting mechanism between said regulating means to control one by the other.

33. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a turbine unit having an automatic speed overnor, of one or more other turbine unit haying hand control mechanism, interconnecting means whereby said automatic-speed governor controls all of said units, and means for eli'ecting primary restoring action and secondary compensating action on each unit.

34. In a hydraulic power system the conr bination with a turbine unit having an automatic speed governor, of one or more other turbine units having hand control mecha nism, mechanical interconnecting means between said governor and said mechanism whereby said automatic speed governor controls all of said units, means for effecting primary and secondary compensating action on each unit.

35. The combination with a hydraulic turbine installation of the reaction type, of regulating means therefor comprising a primary flow control means relatively quickly responsive to load changes and a secondary flow control means relatively slowly responsive to load changes and unitary governing means for both of said flow control means.

36. The combination with a hydraulic turbine installation of the reaction type, of regulating means therefor comprising a primary flow control mechanism relatively quickly re- ;ponsive to load changes and a secondary ow control mechanism relatively slowly re and unitary governing means for said mechanisms adapted to shift'said primary mechanism to take a load change and then to distribute the load change between said primary and secondary mechanisms.

37. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a turbine unit having water passages of large cross section and a control means adapted for quick regulation, of one or more other turbine units having water passages of relatively small cross section and control means adapted for slow regulation, and a unitary governing system for all of said units.

38. The combination with a hydraulic turbine unit having a gate mechanism and an operating motor therefor provided with a control valve of regulating means for said control valve comprising a hand control, and a remote control for said valve comprising means for moving said valve from a distance, either of said means being capable of simul taneously controlling the valve without dis connecting the other means.

39. The combination with a hydraulic tur bine unit having control gate means, of regulating means therefor comprising a control valve, and means for moving said valve including restoring mechanism between the gates and said valve and a remote control mechanism and a hand operated mechanism, all of said mechanisms being adapted for simultaneous operation without. disconnecting any one of them.

40. In a hydraulic reaction turbine, regulating means therefor com rising a primary flow control means relatively quick] responsive to load changes and a secondary flow control means relatively slowly responsive to load changes and unitary governing means for both of said How control means.

41. In a power system the combination comprising a plurality oi hydraulic turbines each driving an alternating current synchronous generator, each turbine havinga gate mechanism and a fluid operated motor therefor provided with a control valve, means for effecting primary restoring action on the valve of each turbine, seconda compensating mechanism for each of sai valves, said synchronous generators being connected to run in parallel with each other, an automatic speed governor for one of said turbines, and connecting means between said governor and said control valves whereby said governor controls the speeds of a pluralit of said tur bines while the speed on sai turbines is maintained the same by said parallel operation during variations in the rate of restoring action on each turbine.

42. In a power system the combination comprising a plurality of hydraulic turbines each driving an alternating current synchronous generator, said generators being connected to run in parallel with each other, each turbine having a ate mechanism and a hydraulically operatef piston and cylinder motor provided with a control valve, means for effecting primary restoring action on the control valve of each turbine, secondary compensating mechanism for each of said valves, an automatic speed governor for certainof said turbines, and connecting means between said governor and said control valves whereby said overnor controls the speeds of a pinrality oFsaid turbines.

43. In a hydraulic power system the combination comprising a plurality of hydraulic turbines each driving an alternating current synchronous generator, said generators being connected to run in parallel with each other, each turbine having a gate mechanism and a hydraulically operated piston and cylinder motor provided with a control valve and a restoring mechanism, an automatic speed governor for one of said turbines comprising a valve actuating member, and connecting means between the valve actuating mem' ber of said governor and said control valves ill) 1,ese,ee1

whereby said governor controls the speeds of a plurality of said turbines.

44. A hydraulic power system comprising a plurality of turbines driving alternating current synchronous generators running in parallel, one or more of said turbines having water passages of relatively large cross section to and from said turbine and having automatic governing and control means adapted for quick regulation, and one or more of said-turbines having water assages of relatively small cross section an control means adapted for slow regulation and intar-connected to said first mentioned means.

45. In a power s stem the combination with a plurality of ydraulic turbines each driving an alternating current synchronous generator, each turbine having a gate mechanism and a hydraulically operated piston and cylinder motor provided with a control valve and restoring mechanism, said generators being connected to run in parallel with each other, of an automatic speed governor for one of said turbines, means whereby all of said turbines have operative connection with said speed overnor, and speed regulating mechanism %or another of said turbines adapted to limit the speed of said other turbine independently of the speed of said automatically governed turbine.

46. The combination comprising a plurality of hydraulic turbine units each having regulating means comprising gate mechanism and an operating motor therefor provided with a control valve, of a governor for each of said units, and means for connecting the governor of one unit to the regulating means of another unit so that said governor will regulate both units, said connectin means including means whereby the gates one unit move at a rate difi'erent from the gates of another unit.

47. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a plurality of turbine units, of a unitary control system comprising a governor res onsive to the speed of one of said units, an means whereby control of the gate means of all of said units may be had so that a given load change will be taken up relatively quickly by certain of said units and relatively slowly by others.

48. Governing apparatus for a hydraulic turbine which has associated therewith a fluid control element for the flow to said turbine and o erating means for said control element, said apparatus comprising a governor proper, means including a valve controlled by said governor for reflecting actuation of said operating means, a primary restoring mechanism separate from the gover nor proper and having relatively short connections between said operating means and said governor control adjacent said valve, and a secondary compensating means operativc only when said governor operates and at the governor proper acting to bring the speed of the turbine back to normal.

49. In a hydraulic-power system the combination comprising a plurality of hydraulic turbine units, a unitary governing mechanism for all of said units each of'which has a gate mechanism and a fluid operated motor therefor provided with a control valve, restoring mechanism for each of said control valves, and means relatively varying the rate of regulation of some of said units comprising a hand adjustment of portions of said unitary governing mechanism.

50. In a h draulic power system the combination with a plurality of hydraulic turbine units each having a gate mechanism and a fluid operated motor therefor provided with a control valve of.a unitary governing mechanism for all of said units comprisin a primary restoring mechanism for each of said units and means for effecting a second ary compensating action on each unit, and means relatively varying the rate of re lation of some of said units comprising Justing means for said restoring mechanism.

51. In a power 5 stem the combination with a plurality of ydraulic turbines each driving an alternating current synchronous generator, said generators being connected to run in parallel with each other, of an automatic speed overnor for one of said turbines, means wherefii all of said turbines have operative connection with said speed governor, and speed regulating mechanism for another of said turbines adapted to limit the speed of said other turbine independently of the speed of said automatically governed turbine comprising a centrifu'ga ly operated element adapted to automatically cause a closing movement of the gates when a predetermined speed is reached.

52. In a hydraulic power s stem the combination with a plurality o turbine units adapted for approximately similar rates of regulation, each unit including a gate mechanism and a hydraulically operated servo-mm tor therefor provided with a control valve, of one or more turbine units adapted for a difi'erent rate of regulation, and governing means. in common between all of said units and adapted to control said servo-motor valves.

53. In a hydraulic power 5 stem the combination with a plurality o turbine units adapted for approximatel similar rates of regulation, each unit inclu ing a gate mechanism and a servo-motor therefor, of one or more turbine units adapted for a djfl'erent rate of regulation and overning means in common between all of said units for control ling power supply to said servo-motors.

54. In a hydraulic power s stem the combination with a plurality o turbine units adapted for approximately similar rates of regulation, of one or more turbine units adapted for a difierent rate of regulation, and governing means common between all of said units including a valve controlled servo motor associated with each unit, and compensating mechanism for said valve.

55. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a plurality of turbine units adapted for approximately similar rates of regulation, of one or more turbine units adapted for a different rate of regulation, governing means in common between all of said units including a valve controlled servomotor associated with each unit, a compensating mechanism for said valve rendered operative upon movement of the servo-motor, and a second compensating mechanism rendered operative only after an initial governing action.

56. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a plurality of turbine units adapted for approximately similar rates of regulation, of one or more turbine units adapted for a dilferent rate of regulation, governing means in common between all of said units including a valve controlled servomotor associated with each unit, compensating mechanism for said valve rendered oper ative upon movement of the servo-motor, and a second compensating mechanism associated with only one of said turbines but adapted to effect control of all.

57. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a unitary control system, of a plurality of turbine units having means permitting difl'erent rates of regulation so that a 'ven load change will be taken up relative y quickly by certain of said units and relatively slowly by others, including a gate mechanism and an operating motor therefor associated with each turbine, and means for controlling the rate of power supply to each of said operating motors.

58. In a hydraulic power system the combination with a unitary control system, of a plurality of turbine units having means permitting difierent rates of regulation so that a given load change will be taken up relatively quickly by certain of said units and relatively slowly by others, including a gate mechanism and an operating motor therefor associated with each turbine, and means for controlling the rate of power supply to each of said operating motors, said latter means including means forming fluid conducting passa es having different crosssectional areas whereby different rates of fluid flow are obtained.

59. The combination comprising a hydraulic turbine, having gate mechanism, actuating means therefor and means for controlling said actuating means including a plurality of governors, and means for averaging the motions thereof.

60. A hydraulic power system comprising,

in combination, hydraulic power generatin means having means adapted to effect quicE regulation thereof, hydraulic power generating means having means adapted to efiect slow regulation thereof, means whereby all of said power generating means are maintained in synchronous driving relation and means for limiting the speed of. said power generatin means rendered operative only by a speed c ange exceeding a predetermined amount.

61. In a power generating system, the combination comprising a plurality of prime mover operated alternating current synchronous generating units operating in parallel, each being adapted to carry a part of the total load on said system, a governor controlled unit adapted to control the frequency of said system, and means for distributing in pre determined proportions the system ad over a plurality of said units automatically during variations in the system load.

62. In a power generating system, the combination comprising a plurality of prime moyer operated alternating current synchronous generating units, each being adapted to carry a part of the total load on said system, unitary control means adapted to control the frequency of said system through a single generating unit and to distribute in prede termined proportions the load among all of said units automatically upon variation in the system load.

63. In a power generating system, the combination comprising a plurality of prime mover operated alternating current synchronous generating units, each adapted to carry a part of the total load ,on said system, a unitary governor control adapted to control the frequency of, said system by acting on less than all of said units, and means whereby the system load is proportionately distributed over a lurality of the system units automaticall upon variations in the system load.

64. e combination as set forth in claim 63 further characterized in that a plurality of said prime movers have movable flow controllin means, each of said flow controlling means ing provided with a governor controlled valve, and restoring mechanism for said valves, responsive to movement of said flow controlling means, with provision whereby each unit is adapted to have restoring action independently of the restoring action on the other unitsl 65. The combination as set forth in claim 63 further characterized in that a lurality of said prime movers have movable ow controlling means, each of said flow controlling means bein provided with a governor controlled valve, and restoring mechanism for said valves, responsive to movement of said flow controlling means, with provision whereby each unit is adapted to have restoring action independently of the restoring action on the other units, and secondary compensating means for the valves of each unit.

66. In a hydraulic power alternating current generating system, the combination comprising a plurality of hydraulic turbine operated alternating current synchronous generating units each having a gate mechanlsm, governing means f0 effecting quick control of frequency by re atively quickly movin the gates on less than all of said units, an means on the remaining units for relatively slowly adjusting the gates thereby to redistribute the s'ystem load among the units.

LEWIS FERRY MOODY.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,836,861. -Granted December 15, 1931, to LEWIS nennrnoonr.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, line 3, for the word "grates" read gates; 'page 7,1lines 82 and 93, claims 7 and 8,: respectively, for "restoring" read compensating, and in claim 8, lines 90 and 91, for "compensating" read restoring; page 9, line 27, claim-21, before"valve" insert distributing, and line 58, claim 24, for the misspelled word "alterating" read alternating; page 10,. line 24, claim 34, belo're means" insert and; page 11, line 75, claim 49, after "means" insert the word for; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections, therein that the same may conform to th record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 22ndv day of March, A( D. 1932.

. M. J. Moore, Acting Commissioner of Patents; 

